Rapeseed oil fortified with micronutrients can reduce glucose intolerance during a high fat challenge in rats

Frédéric Capel (1) , Alain Geloen (2) , Carole Vaysse (3, 4) , Gaëlle Pineau (2) , Luc Demaison (1) , Jean-Michel Chardigny (5) , Marie-Caroline Michalski (2) , Corinne Malpuech Brugere (1)

1 UNH - Unité de Nutrition Humaine
2 CarMeN - Cardiovasculaire, métabolisme, diabétologie et nutrition
3 ITERG - Institut des Corps Gras
4 Université de Bordeaux
5 UCPI - Unité Contrats et Propriété Intellectuelle

Background: Better choices of dietary lipid sources and substitution of refined by fortified oils could reduce the intake of saturated fatty acids (FA) and increase the intake of omega 3 FA concomitantly to healthy bioactive compounds. Methods: The development of obesity and metabolic disturbances was explored in rats fed during 11 weeks with a high fat diet (HFD) in which the amount of saturated and polyunsaturated FA was respectively reduced and increased, using rapeseed oil as lipid source. This oil was used in a refined form (R) or fortified (10 fold increase in concentration) with endogenous micronutrients (coenzyme Q10 + tocopherol only (RF) only and also with canolol (RFC)). The effect of substituting palm by rapeseed oil was analysed using a student t test, oil fortification was analysed using ANOVA statistical test. Results: Despite a similar weight gain, diets R, RF and RFC improved glucose tolerance (+ 10%) of the rats compared to a standard HFD with palm and sunflower oils as lipid source. Plasma glucose was lowered in RF and RFC groups (- 15 and 23% respectively), although triacylglycerol level was only reduced in group RFC (-33%) compared to R. The fortification with canolol promoted the activation of Akt and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in skeletal muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue respectively. Canolol supplementation also led to reduce p38 MAPK activation in skeletal muscle. Conclusions: This study suggests that the presence of endogenous micronutrients in rapeseed oil promotes cellular adaptations to reverse glucose intolerance and improve the metabolism of insulin sensitive tissues.

Mots clés: Fatty acids; Rapeseed oil; Micronutrients; Metabolic syndrome; Obesity

Domaines: Alimentation et Nutrition

Frédéric Capel, Alain Geloen, Carole Vaysse, Gaëlle Pineau, Luc Demaison, et al.. Rapeseed oil fortified with micronutrients can reduce glucose intolerance during a high fat challenge in rats. Nutrition and Metabolism, 2018, 15, 12 p. ⟨10.1186/s12986-018-0259-x⟩. ⟨hal-01793730⟩