P. J. Roughley, The stucture and function of cartilage and proteoglycans, European Cells and Materials, pp.92-101, 2006.

J. R. Couchman and C. A. Pataki, An Introduction to Proteoglycans and Their Localization, Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry, vol.276, issue.12
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.C000899200
URL : https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3527888/pdf

C. Praillet, H. Lortat-jacob, and J. Grimaud, Les protéoglycanes, molécules aux multiples fonctions. Médecine/Sciences, pp.412-420, 1998.
DOI : 10.4267/10608/1056

S. L. Carney and H. Muir, The structure and function of cartilage proteoglycans. Physiological Review, pp.858-910, 1998.

J. Martel-pelletier, Cartilage in normal and osteoarthritis conditions. Best Practice and Research Clinical Rheumatology, pp.351-384, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.berh.2008.02.001

H. J. Hauselmann, Synthesis and Turnover of Proteoglycans by Human and Bovine Adult Articular Chondrocytes Cultured in Alginate Beads, Matrix, vol.12, issue.2, pp.116-129, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/S0934-8832(11)80053-3

T. Aigner and J. Stöve, Collagens???major component of the physiological cartilage matrix, major target of cartilage degeneration, major tool in cartilage repair, Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, vol.55, issue.12, pp.1569-1593, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/j.addr.2003.08.009

J. A. Buckwalter and H. J. Mankin, Articular cartilage repair and transplantation, Arthritis & Rheumatism, vol.274, issue.8, pp.1331-1342, 1998.
DOI : 10.3109/17453679209154757

Y. E. Henrotin, P. Bruckner, and J. L. Pujol, The role of reactive oxygen species in homeostasis and degradation of cartilage. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, pp.747-755, 2003.

Y. Henrotin, B. Kurz, and T. Aigner, Oxygen and reactive oxygen species in cartilage degradation: friends or foes?, Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, vol.13, issue.8, pp.643-654, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.joca.2005.04.002
URL : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2005.04.002

J. W. Bijlsma, F. Berenbaum, and F. P. Lafeber, Osteoarthritis: an update with relevance for clinical practice, The Lancet, vol.377, issue.9783, pp.2115-2126, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60243-2

L. Pen, C. Reygrobellet, C. Gérentes, and I. , Financial cost of osteoarthritis in France, Joint Bone Spine, vol.72, issue.6, pp.567-570, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jbspin.2005.01.011

P. Simao and A. , Involment of BDNF in knee osteoarthrisis : The relationship with inflammation and clinical parameters. Rheumatology International, 2014.

J. P. Urban and S. Roberts, Degeneration of the intervertebral disc, Arthritis Research & Therapy, vol.5, issue.3, pp.120-130, 2003.
DOI : 10.1186/ar629

J. Clouet, The intervertebral disc: From pathophysiology to tissue engineering, Joint Bone Spine, vol.76, issue.6
DOI : 10.1016/j.jbspin.2009.07.002

F. Rannou, Biochimie et biologie du disque intervert??bral, Revue du Rhumatisme, vol.67, issue.4, pp.214-218, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S1169-8330(00)80106-4

B. Alkhatib, Acute mechanical injury of the human intervertebral disc: link to degeneration and pain, European Cells and Materials, vol.28, pp.98-111
DOI : 10.22203/eCM.v028a08

P. J. Roughley, The structure and degradation of aggrecan in human intervertebral disc, European Spine Journal, vol.124, issue.S3, pp.326-332
DOI : 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a022166

L. A. Sether, Intervertebral disk: normal age-related changes in MR signal intensity., Radiology, vol.177, issue.2, pp.385-388, 1990.
DOI : 10.1148/radiology.177.2.2217773

C. W. Pfirrmann, Magnetic Resonance Classification of Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Degeneration, Spine, vol.26, issue.17, pp.1873-1878, 2001.
DOI : 10.1097/00007632-200109010-00011
URL : http://www.pfirrmann.ch/pdf/Pfirrmann_DiscDegenerationGrading_Spine_201_26_2001.pdf

P. Finch, Technology insight : imaging of low back pain. Nature Clinical Practise Rheumatology, pp.554-561, 2006.
DOI : 10.1038/ncprheum0293

J. M. Mens, The use of medication in low back pain. Best Practise & Research Clinical Rheumatology, pp.609-621, 2005.

D. Gopal, Molecular basis of intervertebral disc degeneration Advances in Experimental Medecine and Biology, pp.114-133, 2012.

W. G. Bradley, History of medical imaging Proceedings of the American Phylosophical Society, pp.349-361, 2008.

. Cours-d-'imagerie-médicale, Ecole de Technologie Supérieure, Québec. [En ligne] 97. www.ouest-radiology.com/radiographie-standard

P. Dubois, Historique de l'imagerie médicale nucléaire. Ingénierie et Recherche Biomédicale, pp.40-46, 2009.

A. Daurat, V. Noblet, and F. Rousseau, Dispositif d'imagerie médicale, cours de Master Images, Sciences et Technologies de l'Information

M. N. Amiot, Standardization of 64Cu using a improved decay scheme. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A, pp.97-104, 2012.

X. Hou, U. Jacobsen, and J. C. Jørgensen, Separation of no-carrier-added 64Cu from a proton irradiated 64Ni enriched nickel target, Applied Radiation and Isotopes, vol.57, issue.6, pp.773-777, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0969-8043(02)00170-7

I. National-de-recherche and . Sécurité, Nickel et ses oxydes -Fiche toxicologique, 2009.

I. National-recherche and . Sécurité, Zinc et ses composés minéraux -Fiche toxicologique, 2009.

K. J. Kairemo, In vivo detection of intervertebral disk injury using a radiolabeled monoclonal antibody against keratan sulfate, Journal of Nuclear Medicine, vol.42, issue.3, pp.476-482, 2001.

H. Shindo, E. Nakajima, and E. Shigehar, Autoradiographic studies on the distribution of quaternary ammonium compounds. IV. Adsorption of bisonium ions to rat tissues as revealed by in vitro whole-body adsorption autoradiography., CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN, vol.24, issue.10, pp.2327-2334, 1975.
DOI : 10.1248/cpb.24.2327

H. Shindo, Autoradiographic studies int he distribution of quaternary ammonium compounds. III Distribution, excretion and metabolism of 14C-labeled pancuronium bromide in rts

H. Shindo, I. Takahashi, and E. Nakajima, Autoradiographic Studies on the Distribution of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds. II. Distribution of 14C-Labeled Decamethonium, Hexamethonium and Dimethonium in Mice, CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN, vol.19, issue.9, pp.1876-1885, 1971.
DOI : 10.1248/cpb.19.1876

C. C. Huang, N. Korn, and R. E. Counsell, Potential organ- or tumor-imaging agents. 18. Radioiodinated diamines and bisquaternaries, Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, vol.22, issue.4, pp.449-452, 1979.
DOI : 10.1021/jm00190a018

N. Korn, Bisquaternary ammonium compounds as potential tumor imaging agents, International Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Biology, vol.6, issue.3
DOI : 10.1016/0047-0740(79)90030-5

S. Yu and W. K. , The biodistribution of [75Se]bis-[beta-(N,N,N-trimethylamino)ethyl]selenide diiodide in adult guinea pigs. Nuclear Medicine and Biologie, pp.255-259, 1989.

M. Janier, Nanoparticules fonctionnalisées pour le ciblage des protéoglycanes et leurs applications, pp.981-849, 2011.

J. Maurizis, Disposition in rats of N-pyridinium-propyl-cyclam, N-triethylammoniumpropyl-cyclam , and N-[triethylammonium]-3-propyl-[15]ane-N5, potential cartilage imaging agents. Drug metabolism and disposition, pp.4-418, 2000.

F. Cachin, First ex vivo study demonstrating that 99mTc-NTP 15-5 radiotracer binds to human articular cartilage, European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, vol.31, issue.1, pp.2077-2082, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.phrs.2008.06.001

7. Portée-À, La solution est refroidie à 40°C puis 5 mL de potasse (10% eq) sont ajoutés. L'agitation est maintenue pendant 2 heures à température ambiante. La phase aqueuse est extraite avec du n-hexane (3 x 100 mL), les phases organiques sont regroupées, séchées sur sulfate de sodium puis évaporées à sec sous pression réduite pour conduire

N. Chlorure-de, N. , and N. , 10-tris(tert-butoxycarbonylméthyl)-1,4,7,10- tétraazacyclododécan-1-yl)propan-1-aminium

N. Chlorure-de, N. , and N. , 10-tris(carboxyméthyl)-1,4,7,10-tétraazacyclododécan-1- yl)propan-1-aminium

. Le-composé-50, 500 mg, 0,72 mmol) est mis en suspension dans l'éther éthylique HCl 3M. La suspension est agitée pendant 3 heures à température ambiante puis filtrée

. Après-retour-À-température-ambiante, excès de carbonate de potassium est éliminé par filtration. L'huile pâteuse, obtenue après évaporation, est triturée successivement avec du toluène (2 x 40 mL) et de l'éther éthylique (2 x 40 mL) pour éliminer le réactif de départ 58 n'ayant pas réagi mmol après évaporation), p.62

. Le-composé-60, mmol) est mis en suspension dans l'éther éthylique HCl 3M. La suspension est agitée pendant 3 heures à température ambiante puis filtrée, Le résidu solide obtenu est lavé avec l'éther éthylique (3 x 20 mL) pour conduire à la forme chlorhydrate du composé, p.61, 2019.

L. Fabbrizzi, Light-Emitting Molecular Machines: pH-Induced Intramolecular Motions in a Fluorescent Nickel(II) Scorpionate Complex, Chemistry - A European Journal, vol.8, issue.21, pp.4965-4972, 2002.
DOI : 10.1002/1521-3765(20021104)8:21<4965::AID-CHEM4965>3.0.CO;2-X

G. R. Weisman, S. C. Ho, and V. Johnson, Tetracyclic tetraamines by glyoxal-macrocyclic tetraamine condensation, Tetrahedron Letters, vol.21, issue.4, pp.335-338, 1980.
DOI : 10.1016/S0040-4039(01)85466-6

L. Baccon and M. , Bis-aminals: efficient tools for bis-macrocycle synthesis, New Journal of Chemistry, vol.25, issue.9, pp.1168-1174, 2001.
DOI : 10.1039/b103995b

T. Bailly, Synthesis of a new tricyclic ring system : 1,4,8,11- tetraazatricyclo(9.3.1.14,8)hexadecane obtained by the reaction of tetramethyldiaminomethane with 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (cyclam), Académie des Sciences. serie IIB, vol.322, issue.2, pp.151-154, 1996.

G. Royal, ChemInform Abstract: New Synthesis of trans-Disubstituted Cyclam Macrocycles - Elucidation of the Disubstitution Mechanism on the Basis of X-Ray Data and Molecular Modeling., ChemInform, vol.30, issue.2, pp.1971-1975, 1998.
DOI : 10.1002/chin.199902170

S. Goubert-renaudin, Voltammetric Detection of Lead(II) Using Amide-Cyclam- Functionalized Silica-Modified Carbon Paste Electrodes, Electroanalysis, vol.15, issue.180, pp.1731-1742, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.crci.2004.10.003
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00458568

E. Hajj and F. , Macrocycle-based spin-crossover materials. Inorganic Chemistry, pp.10416-10423, 2009.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01580280

B. Jagadish, On the synthesis of 1,4,7-tris(tert-butoxycarbonylmethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, Tetrahedron Letters, vol.52, issue.17, pp.2058-2061, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.10.074